Pandas Profiling Report

Dataset statistics

Number of variables	10
Number of observations	82620
Missing cells	0
Missing cells (%)	0.0%
Duplicate rows	0
Duplicate rows (%)	0.0%
Total size in memory	6.9 MiB
Average record size in memory	88.0 B

Variable types

Numeric	9
Categorical	1

Alerts

`signal_1` is highly correlated with `signal_10`	High correlation
`signal_10` is highly correlated with `signal_1` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`signal_20` is highly correlated with `signal_10` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`signal_30` is highly correlated with `signal_20` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`signal_40` is highly correlated with `signal_20` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`signal_50` is highly correlated with `signal_30` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`signal_1` is highly correlated with `signal_10` and 3 other fields	High correlation
`signal_10` is highly correlated with `signal_1` and 3 other fields	High correlation
`signal_20` is highly correlated with `signal_1` and 3 other fields	High correlation
`signal_30` is highly correlated with `signal_1` and 3 other fields	High correlation
`signal_40` is highly correlated with `signal_1` and 4 other fields	High correlation
`signal_50` is highly correlated with `signal_40`	High correlation
`id` is highly correlated with `class`	High correlation
`signal_1` is highly correlated with `signal_10` and 3 other fields	High correlation
`signal_10` is highly correlated with `signal_1` and 3 other fields	High correlation
`signal_20` is highly correlated with `signal_1` and 3 other fields	High correlation
`signal_30` is highly correlated with `signal_1` and 3 other fields	High correlation
`signal_40` is highly correlated with `signal_1` and 4 other fields	High correlation
`signal_50` is highly correlated with `signal_40` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`signal_60` is highly correlated with `signal_50`	High correlation
`class` is highly correlated with `id`	High correlation
`signal_1` is highly skewed (γ1 = 20.85966228)	Skewed
`signal_10` is highly skewed (γ1 = 20.01932846)	Skewed
`signal_20` is highly skewed (γ1 = 22.0093275)	Skewed
`signal_30` is highly skewed (γ1 = 20.54646738)	Skewed
`signal_40` is highly skewed (γ1 = 23.83916772)	Skewed

Reproduction

Analysis started	2022-04-19 10:41:07.594885
Analysis finished	2022-04-19 10:41:19.413868
Duration	11.82 seconds
Software version	pandas-profiling v3.1.0
Download configuration	config.json

id
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	204
Distinct (%)	0.2%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	101.5

Minimum	0
Maximum	203
Zeros	405
Zeros (%)	0.5%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	1.3 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	10
Q1	50.75
median	101.5
Q3	152.25
95-th percentile	193
Maximum	203
Range	203
Interquartile range (IQR)	101.5

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	58.8893763
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.5801908995
Kurtosis	-1.200057675
Mean	101.5
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	51
Skewness	0
Sum	8385930
Variance	3467.958641
Monotonicity	Increasing

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	405	0.5%
140	405	0.5%
130	405	0.5%
131	405	0.5%
132	405	0.5%
133	405	0.5%
134	405	0.5%
135	405	0.5%
136	405	0.5%
137	405	0.5%
Other values (194)	78570	95.1%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	405	0.5%
1	405	0.5%
2	405	0.5%
3	405	0.5%
4	405	0.5%
5	405	0.5%
6	405	0.5%
7	405	0.5%
8	405	0.5%
9	405	0.5%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
203	405	0.5%
202	405	0.5%
201	405	0.5%
200	405	0.5%
199	405	0.5%
198	405	0.5%
197	405	0.5%
196	405	0.5%
195	405	0.5%
194	405	0.5%

TimeStamp
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	405
Distinct (%)	0.5%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	202

Minimum	0
Maximum	404
Zeros	204
Zeros (%)	0.2%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	1.3 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	20
Q1	101
median	202
Q3	303
95-th percentile	384
Maximum	404
Range	404
Interquartile range (IQR)	202

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	116.9137807
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.5787810924
Kurtosis	-1.200014633
Mean	202
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	101
Skewness	0
Sum	16689240
Variance	13668.83211
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	204	0.2%
267	204	0.2%
277	204	0.2%
276	204	0.2%
275	204	0.2%
274	204	0.2%
273	204	0.2%
272	204	0.2%
271	204	0.2%
270	204	0.2%
Other values (395)	80580	97.5%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	204	0.2%
1	204	0.2%
2	204	0.2%
3	204	0.2%
4	204	0.2%
5	204	0.2%
6	204	0.2%
7	204	0.2%
8	204	0.2%
9	204	0.2%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
404	204	0.2%
403	204	0.2%
402	204	0.2%
401	204	0.2%
400	204	0.2%
399	204	0.2%
398	204	0.2%
397	204	0.2%
396	204	0.2%
395	204	0.2%

signal_1
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
SKEWED

Distinct	16116
Distinct (%)	19.5%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.005684799455

Minimum	6 × 10^-6
Maximum	0.88887
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	1.3 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	6 × 10^-6
5-th percentile	0.00052395
Q1	0.001469
median	0.00291
Q3	0.005639
95-th percentile	0.014748
Maximum	0.88887
Range	0.888864
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.00417

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.0179523563
Coefficient of variation (CV)	3.157957716
Kurtosis	623.0392042
Mean	0.005684799455
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.001752
Skewness	20.85966228
Sum	469.678131
Variance	0.0003222870968
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.00135	33	< 0.1%
0.000762	32	< 0.1%
0.001113	31	< 0.1%
0.000816	31	< 0.1%
0.000692	30	< 0.1%
0.001784	29	< 0.1%
0.001372	29	< 0.1%
0.001084	29	< 0.1%
0.00149	29	< 0.1%
0.001594	29	< 0.1%
Other values (16106)	82318	99.6%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
6 × 10^-6	2	< 0.1%
1 × 10^-5	1	< 0.1%
1.1 × 10^-5	1	< 0.1%
1.6 × 10^-5	3	< 0.1%
1.7 × 10^-5	1	< 0.1%
2 × 10^-5	1	< 0.1%
2.5 × 10^-5	2	< 0.1%
2.6 × 10^-5	1	< 0.1%
2.7 × 10^-5	1	< 0.1%
2.9 × 10^-5	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.88887	1	< 0.1%
0.87945	1	< 0.1%
0.84465	1	< 0.1%
0.7828	1	< 0.1%
0.69484	1	< 0.1%
0.67686	1	< 0.1%
0.65131	1	< 0.1%
0.60312	1	< 0.1%
0.59359	1	< 0.1%
0.58293	1	< 0.1%

signal_10
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
SKEWED

Distinct	19676
Distinct (%)	23.8%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.008572432365

Minimum	2.4 × 10^-5
Maximum	1.7685
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	1.3 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	2.4 × 10^-5
5-th percentile	0.000717
Q1	0.001906
median	0.003655
Q3	0.00724625
95-th percentile	0.02203705
Maximum	1.7685
Range	1.768476
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.00534025

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.03333209266
Coefficient of variation (CV)	3.888288789
Kurtosis	571.6591607
Mean	0.008572432365
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.002158
Skewness	20.01932846
Sum	708.254362
Variance	0.001111028401
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.00205	30	< 0.1%
0.001067	29	< 0.1%
0.000644	28	< 0.1%
0.001968	26	< 0.1%
0.001324	26	< 0.1%
0.001129	26	< 0.1%
0.002543	26	< 0.1%
0.001318	26	< 0.1%
0.001969	25	< 0.1%
0.001822	25	< 0.1%
Other values (19666)	82353	99.7%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2.4 × 10^-5	1	< 0.1%
2.6 × 10^-5	1	< 0.1%
3 × 10^-5	1	< 0.1%
3.3 × 10^-5	2	< 0.1%
3.5 × 10^-5	2	< 0.1%
3.7 × 10^-5	1	< 0.1%
4.6 × 10^-5	4	< 0.1%
5 × 10^-5	1	< 0.1%
5.1 × 10^-5	1	< 0.1%
5.2 × 10^-5	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.7685	1	< 0.1%
1.5981	1	< 0.1%
1.5002	1	< 0.1%
1.3748	1	< 0.1%
1.3465	1	< 0.1%
1.0973	1	< 0.1%
1.0855	1	< 0.1%
1.0787	1	< 0.1%
0.99724	1	< 0.1%
0.98085	1	< 0.1%

signal_20
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
SKEWED

Distinct	17782
Distinct (%)	21.5%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.009265837328

Minimum	3 × 10^-6
Maximum	2.6202
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	1.3 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	3 × 10^-6
5-th percentile	0.000611
Q1	0.001624
median	0.00305
Q3	0.005877
95-th percentile	0.0204574
Maximum	2.6202
Range	2.620197
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.004253

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.0507875661
Coefficient of variation (CV)	5.481163149
Kurtosis	659.0755173
Mean	0.009265837328
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.001752
Skewness	22.0093275
Sum	765.54348
Variance	0.002579376871
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.001269	30	< 0.1%
0.002053	29	< 0.1%
0.001221	29	< 0.1%
0.001024	29	< 0.1%
0.001204	28	< 0.1%
0.001123	28	< 0.1%
0.001388	28	< 0.1%
0.001375	28	< 0.1%
0.001452	28	< 0.1%
0.001853	27	< 0.1%
Other values (17772)	82336	99.7%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
3 × 10^-6	1	< 0.1%
6 × 10^-6	2	< 0.1%
1 × 10^-5	1	< 0.1%
1.6 × 10^-5	1	< 0.1%
1.9 × 10^-5	1	< 0.1%
2.5 × 10^-5	1	< 0.1%
2.6 × 10^-5	1	< 0.1%
2.9 × 10^-5	1	< 0.1%
3.1 × 10^-5	1	< 0.1%
3.4 × 10^-5	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2.6202	1	< 0.1%
2.5395	1	< 0.1%
2.1451	1	< 0.1%
2.0083	1	< 0.1%
1.9469	1	< 0.1%
1.938	1	< 0.1%
1.8265	1	< 0.1%
1.8057	1	< 0.1%
1.7708	1	< 0.1%
1.6757	1	< 0.1%

signal_30
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
SKEWED

Distinct	18625
Distinct (%)	22.5%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.01162100154

Minimum	1.1 × 10^-5
Maximum	3.8421
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	1.3 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1.1 × 10^-5
5-th percentile	0.000637
Q1	0.001629
median	0.002971
Q3	0.005906
95-th percentile	0.02442185
Maximum	3.8421
Range	3.842089
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.004277

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.07213075375
Coefficient of variation (CV)	6.206930919
Kurtosis	581.0113543
Mean	0.01162100154
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.001683
Skewness	20.54646738
Sum	960.127147
Variance	0.005202845636
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.001557	32	< 0.1%
0.001269	31	< 0.1%
0.001383	30	< 0.1%
0.001195	30	< 0.1%
0.001783	30	< 0.1%
0.001769	29	< 0.1%
0.001717	29	< 0.1%
0.002091	29	< 0.1%
0.001589	29	< 0.1%
0.00166	29	< 0.1%
Other values (18615)	82322	99.6%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.1 × 10^-5	2	< 0.1%
1.4 × 10^-5	1	< 0.1%
1.6 × 10^-5	1	< 0.1%
1.9 × 10^-5	1	< 0.1%
2.4 × 10^-5	2	< 0.1%
2.5 × 10^-5	1	< 0.1%
2.6 × 10^-5	2	< 0.1%
3 × 10^-5	1	< 0.1%
3.2 × 10^-5	2	< 0.1%
3.3 × 10^-5	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
3.8421	1	< 0.1%
2.9431	1	< 0.1%
2.9277	1	< 0.1%
2.8005	1	< 0.1%
2.7991	1	< 0.1%
2.6069	1	< 0.1%
2.6026	1	< 0.1%
2.5993	1	< 0.1%
2.5142	1	< 0.1%
2.5071	1	< 0.1%

signal_40
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
SKEWED

Distinct	24998
Distinct (%)	30.3%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.01817219336

Minimum	7 × 10^-6
Maximum	6.2236
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	1.3 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	7 × 10^-6
5-th percentile	0.000958
Q1	0.002496
median	0.0047425
Q3	0.010002
95-th percentile	0.042734
Maximum	6.2236
Range	6.223593
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.007506

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.1009756214
Coefficient of variation (CV)	5.556600651
Kurtosis	882.7853151
Mean	0.01817219336
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.0028165
Skewness	23.83916772
Sum	1501.386615
Variance	0.01019607612
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.002702	25	< 0.1%
0.002843	25	< 0.1%
0.002831	23	< 0.1%
0.00416	23	< 0.1%
0.002447	22	< 0.1%
0.001458	22	< 0.1%
0.002875	22	< 0.1%
0.001325	21	< 0.1%
0.001897	21	< 0.1%
0.00214	21	< 0.1%
Other values (24988)	82395	99.7%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
7 × 10^-6	1	< 0.1%
1.5 × 10^-5	1	< 0.1%
2.1 × 10^-5	1	< 0.1%
2.3 × 10^-5	1	< 0.1%
2.6 × 10^-5	1	< 0.1%
3.7 × 10^-5	2	< 0.1%
4 × 10^-5	2	< 0.1%
4.9 × 10^-5	1	< 0.1%
5.1 × 10^-5	2	< 0.1%
5.3 × 10^-5	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
6.2236	1	< 0.1%
5.7518	1	< 0.1%
5.1321	1	< 0.1%
5.1244	1	< 0.1%
4.725	1	< 0.1%
4.4728	1	< 0.1%
3.8671	1	< 0.1%
3.8407	1	< 0.1%
3.7297	1	< 0.1%
3.667	1	< 0.1%

signal_50
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	46057
Distinct (%)	55.7%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.05639586635

Minimum	4.1 × 10^-5
Maximum	7.3434
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	1.3 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	4.1 × 10^-5
5-th percentile	0.002862
Q1	0.00804775
median	0.016788
Q3	0.039721
95-th percentile	0.1879935
Maximum	7.3434
Range	7.343359
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.03167325

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.1921514678
Coefficient of variation (CV)	3.407190637
Kurtosis	226.3883246
Mean	0.05639586635
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.011033
Skewness	12.38076684
Sum	4659.426478
Variance	0.03692218657
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.00359	11	< 0.1%
0.007273	10	< 0.1%
0.003818	10	< 0.1%
0.008101	10	< 0.1%
0.008011	10	< 0.1%
0.009364	10	< 0.1%
0.006442	9	< 0.1%
0.011253	9	< 0.1%
0.006983	9	< 0.1%
0.005705	9	< 0.1%
Other values (46047)	82523	99.9%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
4.1 × 10^-5	1	< 0.1%
4.5 × 10^-5	1	< 0.1%
5.2 × 10^-5	1	< 0.1%
5.4 × 10^-5	1	< 0.1%
0.000116	1	< 0.1%
0.000123	1	< 0.1%
0.000131	1	< 0.1%
0.000136	1	< 0.1%
0.00014	1	< 0.1%
0.000147	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
7.3434	1	< 0.1%
6.1707	1	< 0.1%
5.8513	1	< 0.1%
5.5542	1	< 0.1%
5.4406	1	< 0.1%
5.4296	1	< 0.1%
5.1948	1	< 0.1%
5.1723	1	< 0.1%
5.0398	1	< 0.1%
4.9006	1	< 0.1%

signal_60
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	59637
Distinct (%)	72.2%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.8687536602

Minimum	0.001921
Maximum	32.103
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	1.3 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.001921
5-th percentile	0.07475985
Q1	0.2387275
median	0.495025
Q3	0.96809
95-th percentile	2.76052
Maximum	32.103
Range	32.101079
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.7293625

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	1.406888678
Coefficient of variation (CV)	1.619433382
Kurtosis	97.10888775
Mean	0.8687536602
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.309605
Skewness	7.536650681
Sum	71776.42741
Variance	1.979335753
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.015	9	< 0.1%
1.0227	9	< 0.1%
1.1421	8	< 0.1%
1.0231	8	< 0.1%
1.0172	8	< 0.1%
1.2973	8	< 0.1%
1.0122	8	< 0.1%
1.1736	8	< 0.1%
1.0552	8	< 0.1%
0.43509	7	< 0.1%
Other values (59627)	82539	99.9%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.001921	1	< 0.1%
0.003137	1	< 0.1%
0.003164	1	< 0.1%
0.003299	1	< 0.1%
0.003455	1	< 0.1%
0.003671	1	< 0.1%
0.003718	1	< 0.1%
0.003872	1	< 0.1%
0.004079	1	< 0.1%
0.004195	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
32.103	1	< 0.1%
31.914	1	< 0.1%
31.601	1	< 0.1%
31.22	1	< 0.1%
31.16	1	< 0.1%
30.915	1	< 0.1%
30.227	1	< 0.1%
30.186	1	< 0.1%
30.045	1	< 0.1%
29.767	1	< 0.1%

class
Categorical

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	2
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	1.3 MiB

abnormal	59535
normal	23085

Length

Max length	8
Median length	8
Mean length	7.441176471
Min length	6

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	0
Distinct characters	0
Distinct categories	0 ?
Distinct scripts	0 ?
Distinct blocks	0 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	0 ?
Unique (%)	0.0%

Sample

1st row	normal
2nd row	normal
3rd row	normal
4th row	normal
5th row	normal

Common Values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
abnormal	59535	72.1%
normal	23085	27.9%

Length

Histogram of lengths of the category

Pie chart

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
abnormal	59535	72.1%
normal	23085	27.9%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
No values found.

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
No values found.

Most frequent character per category

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
No values found.

Most frequent character per script

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
No values found.

Most frequent character per block

Spearman's ρ

The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (ρ) is a measure of monotonic correlation between two variables, and is therefore better in catching nonlinear monotonic correlations than Pearson's r. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative monotonic correlation, 0 indicating no monotonic correlation and 1 indicating total positive monotonic correlation.

To calculate ρ for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of the rank variables of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Pearson's r

The Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) is a measure of linear correlation between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative linear correlation, 0 indicating no linear correlation and 1 indicating total positive linear correlation. Furthermore, r is invariant under separate changes in location and scale of the two variables, implying that for a linear function the angle to the x-axis does not affect r.

To calculate r for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Kendall's τ

Similarly to Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, the Kendall rank correlation coefficient (τ) measures ordinal association between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative correlation, 0 indicating no correlation and 1 indicating total positive correlation.

To calculate τ for two variables X and Y, one determines the number of concordant and discordant pairs of observations. τ is given by the number of concordant pairs minus the discordant pairs divided by the total number of pairs.

Phik (φk)

Phik (φk) is a new and practical correlation coefficient that works consistently between categorical, ordinal and interval variables, captures non-linear dependency and reverts to the Pearson correlation coefficient in case of a bivariate normal input distribution. There is extensive documentation available here.

Count
Matrix

A simple visualization of nullity by column.

Nullity matrix is a data-dense display which lets you quickly visually pick out patterns in data completion.

First rows

	TimeStamp	signal_1	signal_10	signal_20	signal_30	signal_40	signal_50	signal_60	class
0	0	0.000949	0.000708	0.001833	0.001991	0.002956	0.003971	0.045608	normal
1	1	0.001488	0.000268	0.001362	0.001354	0.003213	0.006658	0.119800	normal
2	2	0.000314	0.000971	0.001878	0.000788	0.006884	0.028676	0.178130	normal
3	3	0.000995	0.000652	0.001034	0.001069	0.008211	0.042023	0.150210	normal
4	4	0.002099	0.000715	0.000287	0.001851	0.004301	0.033362	0.066619	normal
5	5	0.001732	0.000710	0.001495	0.003441	0.002505	0.011453	0.058796	normal
6	6	0.002043	0.001082	0.001638	0.004016	0.002598	0.007495	0.119240	normal
7	7	0.000955	0.001737	0.001358	0.002722	0.002879	0.012507	0.189890	normal
8	8	0.000379	0.002104	0.001646	0.001793	0.003712	0.013591	0.218120	normal
9	9	0.001024	0.001430	0.002018	0.001473	0.002777	0.012674	0.161990	normal

Last rows

	id	TimeStamp	signal_1	signal_10	signal_20	signal_30	signal_40	signal_50	signal_60	class
82610	203	395	0.001729	0.017251	0.005441	0.005593	0.011744	0.019469	0.405610	abnormal
82611	203	396	0.002331	0.012911	0.003514	0.004291	0.013561	0.012848	0.362570	abnormal
82612	203	397	0.002403	0.011383	0.002623	0.001966	0.010645	0.016564	0.264460	abnormal
82613	203	398	0.002287	0.013646	0.002653	0.001110	0.008032	0.025200	0.139670	abnormal
82614	203	399	0.004184	0.016075	0.002892	0.000882	0.005224	0.030171	0.099499	abnormal
82615	203	400	0.005072	0.017248	0.000576	0.001486	0.004470	0.030305	0.131550	abnormal
82616	203	401	0.005831	0.012985	0.002832	0.003192	0.003783	0.018230	0.177930	abnormal
82617	203	402	0.007455	0.005576	0.003974	0.003595	0.001619	0.007874	0.158690	abnormal
82618	203	403	0.008124	0.006673	0.002046	0.002131	0.003042	0.006607	0.068071	abnormal
82619	203	404	0.007120	0.009871	0.000799	0.003176	0.002788	0.010603	0.130330	abnormal

Overview

Variables

Common Values

Length

Pie chart

Most occurring characters

Most occurring categories

Most frequent character per category

Most occurring scripts

Most frequent character per script

Most occurring blocks

Most frequent character per block

Interactions

Correlations

Spearman's ρ

Pearson's r

Kendall's τ

Phik (φk)

Missing values

Sample

First rows

Last rows